This database of mpeg and avi movies and other files allows one
to visualize the models and experimental data described in the
articles. The movies are complementary as they describe important
aspects of the dynamical behavior not apparent in static figures;
they are most of the time directly related to figures of the
published papers. In some cases, demo
packages for simulations are also available and reproduce figures
of the corresponding papers. Please refer to the database of publications for all
biological details.
These animations can be used by anyone interested - the only
condition we ask is to give appropriate citation to the original
paper(s).
Forward-propagating dendritic spikes with and without
background activity in neocortical pyramidal cells
These simulations are based on the following papers:
Michael Rudolph and Alain
Destexhe. A fast conducting, stochastic integrative mode for
neocortical neurons in vivo.
Journal of Neuroscience 23:
2466-2476, 2003.
Alain Destexhe, Michael Rudolph
and Denis Paré. The high-conductance state of neocortical
neurons in vivo.
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4: 739-751,
2003.
Alain Destexhe. High-Conductance State. Scholarpedia 2(11):
1341 (2007).
These movie files illustrate the effect of synaptic noise on the
propagation of dendritic spikes in a simulated neocortical layer VI
pyramidal neuron. They are an excellent complement to the figures of
the above papers. The somatodendritic distribution of membrane
potential is shown by colors in two cases of dendritic action
potential generation:
Forward-propagating action potential in a simulated neocortical
layer VI pyramidal neuron. The color codes for the membrane
potential, from deep blue (-90 mv) to yellow (-40 mV). Sodium and
potassium currents were distributed with low density in soma and
dendrites, and higher density in the axon. This simulation shows a
dendritic action potential elicited by an excitatory synaptic
stimulus in the distal dendrite. The action potential propagated
forward, but failed to reach the soma.
See Fig. 1C (Quiescent)
of J. Neurosci. 23: 2466-2476,
2003..
Forward-propagating action potential in a simulated neocortical
layer VI pyramidal neuron. Same simulation as above, but in the
presence of synaptic background activity (high-conductance state).
In this case, the action potential propagated forward and succeeds to
reach the soma.
See Fig. 1C (In Vivo-Like) of J. Neurosci. 23: 2466-2476, 2003..
Higher resolution movie showing the background activity only in
the same layer VI pyramidal neuron as above. This animations shows
well the "traffic" of forward- and back-propagating action potentials
in dendrites under in vivo-like conditions.
See J. Neurosci. 23: 2466-2476, 2003..
Backpropagating action potentials in neocortical pyramidal cells
These simulations are based on the papers:
Paré D, Lang E and Destexhe A.
Inhibitory control of somatic and dendritic sodium spikes in neocortical
pyramidal neurons in vivo: an intracellular and computational study
Neuroscience 84: 377-402, 1998.
Destexhe A, Lang E and Paré D.
Somato-dendritic interactions underlying action potential generation in
neocortical pyramidal cells in vivo. In: Computational Neuroscience.
Trends in Research (edited by J. Bower), Plenum Press, New York, 1998,
pp. 233-238.
These movie files illustrate the dynamics of membrane potential in soma
and dendrites in a simulated neocortical layer V pyramidal neuron. They are
an excellent complement to the figures of the paper. The somatodendritic
distribution of membrane potential is shown by colors in three cases of action
potential generation:
Backpropagating action potential in a simulated neocortical layer V
pyramidal neuron. The color codes for the membrane potential, from deep
blue (-90 mv) to yellow (-40 mV). Sodium and potassium currents were
distributed with low density in doma and dendrites, and high density in the
axon. This simulation shows an action potential elicited by current
injection in the soma. The action potential propagated retrogradely into
the dendrites.
See Fig. 9 of
Neuroscience 84: 377-402, 1998 .
Action potential elicited by stimulation of synapses in the distal
dendrites. The action potential initiated distally and propagated towards
the soma.
See Fig. 14 of
Neuroscience 84: 377-402, 1998 .
Action potential elicited by stimulation of synapses in soma and proximal
dendrites. The action potential initiated proximally but did not
back-propagate in more distal dendrites. The amplitude of the action
potential, as seen from the soma, was reduced in amplitude and duration.
See Fig. 14 of
Neuroscience 84: 377-402, 1998 .
Dendritic calcium currents in thalamic reticular neurons
These simulations are based on the paper:
Destexhe, A., Contreras, D., Steriade,
M., Sejnowski, T.J. and Huguenard, J.R.
In vivo, in vitro and
computational analysis of dendritic calcium currents in thalamic reticular
neurons.
Journal of Neuroscience 16: 169-185, 1996
These movie files illustrate the dynamics of membrane potential in soma
and dendrites of thalamic reticular neurons. They are an excellent complement
to the figures of the paper. The somatodendritic distribution of membrane
potential is shown by colors during a burst of action potentials. In
particular, see how distal dendrites are maintained at a depolarized level,
"feeding" the soma with current during the burst.
Dendritically-generated burst in a simulated thalamic reticular neuron.
The color codes for the membrane potential, from deep blue (-90 mv)
to yellow (-40 mV). Distal dendrites contain high densities of
T-current and generate most of the calcium spike, "feeding" the soma with
depolarizing current during the burst. The soma contained sodium/potassium
currents responsible for action potentials and lower densities of T-current.
The genesis of the burst by dendrites accounts for many
electrophysiological properties of these neurons. (large size movie, also
contains a plot of the membrane potential at the soma)
See Fig. 8 of
J. Neurosci. 16: 169-185, 1996 .
(medium size movie)
(small size movie)
Propagating synchronized oscillations in thalamic networks:
These simulations are based on the paper:
Destexhe, A., Bal, T., McCormick, D.A. and
Sejnowski, T.J.
Ionic mechanisms underlying synchronized oscillations and
propagating waves in a model of ferret thalamic slices.
Journal of
Neurophysiology 76: 2049-2070, 1996
9-11 Hz spindle oscillation in a 1-dim network of 50 TC and 50 RE cells
with intact connectivity. Extent of axonal projections: 11 cells;
2000 frames with 2ms between frames; 8pixel/frame; t=28 sec to 32 sec.
Color scale: -90 (blue) to -40 mV and over (yellow).
See Fig. 12
of J. Neurophysiol. 76: 2049-2070, 1996 .
3-4 Hz bicuculline-induced oscillation in a 1-dim network of 50 TC and 50 RE cells
following block of GABA(A) receptors. Extent of axonal projections: 11 cells;
2200 frames with 2ms between frames; 8pixel/frame; t=28.6 sec to 33 sec.
Color scale: -90 (blue) to -40 mV and over (yellow).
See Fig. 13
of J. Neurophysiol. 76: 2049-2070, 1996 .
Spatiotemporal dynamics of oscillations in the thalamus:
These mpeg movies show experimental data from the paper:
Contreras, D., Destexhe, A., Sejnowski, T.J.
and Steriade, M.
Control of spatiotemporal coherence of a thalamic
oscillation by corticothalamic feedback.
Science 274: 771-774,
1996
Spatiotemporal maps of the distribution of electrical activity across the
thalamus during spindle oscillations recorded by eight equidistant tungsten
electrodes in cats during barbiturate anesthesia. These animations are
animated versions of Fig. 2 of the paper.
The spatiotemporal maps were constructed as follows: a color was assigned to
the value of the local field potential (LFP) at each electrode; the color
scale ranged in 10 steps from the baseline (blue) to -100 microvolts (yellow);
the LFPs from anterior to posterior are shown from left to right; time was
divided in frames each representing a snapshot of 4ms of thalamic activity and
arranged in a column from top to bottom. The whole frame is shifted downwards
as time evolves (similar to a chart recorder), for better visualization of the
spread of activity. In this type of representation, synchronized oscillations
appear as vertical stripes. This animation corresponds to multisite
recordings in the thalamus with intact cortex and shows the large-scale
synchrony of oscillations.
Same animation at a slower time scale.
Same representation of multisite recordings of thalamic oscillations, after
removal of the cortex (decorticate). The electrodes were placed in
approximately the same locations. Although each site individually oscillated
at the same frequency as with intact cortex, the large-scale synchrony of the
oscillations was disrupted following removal of the cortex.
Same animation at a slower time scale.
Simulations of the thalamic reticular nucleus:
These simulations are based on the paper:
Destexhe, A., Contreras, D., Sejnowski,
T.J. and Steriade, M.
A model of spindle rhythmicity in the isolated
thalamic reticular nucleus.
Journal of Neurophysiology 72:
803-818, 1994
N=100, 3rd neighb, 2ms between frames, 10pixel/frame
1000 frames, from t=5 sec to 6 sec; -90 (white) to -60 mV (black)
See Fig. 9 in J. Neurophysiol. 72: 803-818,
1994 .
N=400, 3rd neighb, 2ms between frames, 5pixel/frame
1000 frames, from t=4 sec to 5 sec; -90 (white) to -60 mV (black)
N=400, 1st neighb, 2ms between frames, 5pixel/frame
1000 frames, from t=4 sec to 5 sec; -90 (white) to -60 mV (black)
See Fig. 10 in J. Neurophysiol. 72: 803-818,
1994 .
N=1600, 3rd neighb, 2ms between frames, 5pixel/frame
1000 frames, from t=4 sec to 5 sec; -90 (white) to -60 mV (black)
Spatiotemporal patterns in networks of excitatory and inhibitory
cells:
These simulations are based on the paper: Oscillations, complex spatiotemporal behavior
and information transport in networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons
, by Alain Destexhe, published in Physical Review E 50:
1594-1606, 1994.
N=100, M=25, 1st neighb, 1.2ms between frames,
10 pixel/frame, 1000 frames, from t=0 to t=1.2 sec;
-80 (white) to +50 mV (black)
See Fig.4 in Physical Review E50:
1594-1606, 1994 .
N=100, M=25, 1st neighb, 1.2ms between frames,
10 pixel/frame, 1000 frames, from t=0 to t=1.2 sec;
-80 (white) to +50 mV (black)
See Fig.5 and 6a in Physical Review E50:
1594-1606, 1994 .
N=6400, M=1600, 2nd neighb, 2ms between frames,
2 pixel/frame, 100 frames, from t=0.1 to t=0.2 sec;
-80 (white) to +50 mV (black)
See Fig.7 in Physical Review E50:
1594-1606, 1994 .
.
